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At Owl Explains, we believe the future of blockchain and crypto lies in the conversations happening today between industry leaders and policymakers. That’s why our Congress Series is dedicated to bringing you the sharpest voices in US policy, offering insights on the regulatory and legislative shifts shaping the blockchain landscape. From bipartisan collaboration to bold individual initiatives, our guests tackle the tough questions about self-custody, tokenization, and market structure clarity. These are the policymakers from both at the heart of the debate—ready to share their vision for the role of blockchain in America’s economic future. Meet the Voices of Change: Ep. 17: Congressman Mike Flood Kicking off with Rep. Mike Flood, this episode takes a close look at the difference in perspectives on crypto policy between the House and the Senate and how Congress can build momentum for lasting change. Ep. 32: Congressman French Hill Rep. French Hill shares his take on bipartisan efforts to move blockchain forward, touching on key themes like self-custody and market clarity. Ep. 30: Congressman Wiley Nickel As the political landscape evolves, Rep. Wiley Nickel brings fresh perspective to the table, discussing tokenized markets and their potential to boost US innovation. Ep. 35: Congressman Shri Thanedar (D-MI-13) Rep. Shri Thanedar explores blockchain’s potential to create equity and opportunity, focusing on how technology can drive meaningful policy change. Ep. 36: Congresswoman Yadira Caraveo (D-CO-08) Colorado’s Congresswoman Yadira Caraveo examines the intersection of policy and technology in her state, emphasizing the potential for decentralized systems to support local economies. Ep. 40: Congressman Dusty Johnson (R-SD) Rep. Dusty Johnson offers a refreshing take on blockchain’s role in rural America, highlighting how innovation isn’t just for Silicon Valley. Ep. 42: Congressman Warren Davidson (R-OH-08) Rep. Warren Davidson doesn’t shy away from the big issues—self-custody, tokenization, and why market structure clarity is critical for the U.S. to reclaim its crypto leadership. A Growing Series, A Growing Dialogue As the Congress Series grows, so does the urgency of the topics at hand. Whether it's legislation like the FIT21 Act, the fight to protect self-custody, or debates on token taxonomy, these episodes are more than conversations—they’re a front-row seat to the policies that will define blockchain’s future in America. Cryptocurrency and blockchain technology are rapidly transforming the global economy. As these technologies become more widely adopted, governments are increasingly grappling with how to regulate them. Crypto policy is important because it will shape the future of the crypto industry and its impact on society. The United States is at the forefront of the global crypto policy debate. At Owl Explains, we’re proud to bring together voices from both sides of the aisle to discuss solutions, challenges, and the road ahead. The series is just getting started, and there’s so much more to come. Catch up on the Congress Series today and hear directly from the policymakers shaping the future of crypto, on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or right here in our owl website.

As we gear up for the Avalanche Summit LATAM 2024, we want to take a moment to express our deepest gratitude to the sponsors who have made this event possible. Their support empowers us to bring together the brightest minds in the blockchain, crypto, and Web3 space for meaningful discussions, collaborations, and innovation. We are thrilled to partner with these visionary companies and organizations, each playing a vital role in pushing the boundaries of what's possible in the Web3 world. Without further ado, we’d like to introduce our valued sponsors: Platinum Owl Sidley Austin LLP Golden Owls Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton Davis Polk & Wardwell Sher Tremonte Boreal Owls Fenwick Latham & Watkins Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP Snowy Owl HJF Law Community Partner Global Blockchain Business Council Our sponsors are more than just logos on our website—they are leading law firms, trade associations, and innovators who share our passion for decentralization, transparency, and the transformative power of blockchain technology. What's on the Agenda? The Best of Buenos Aires! Imagine this: a summit filled with cutting-edge discussions, hands-on workshops, and networking opportunities with some of the brightest minds in blockchain, all set in the dynamic, bustling city of Buenos Aires. From exploring the iconic streets of San Telmo to the modern vibe of Puerto Madero, the Avalanche Summit is going to be an event that brings together innovation and the unique spirit of Argentina, Latin America, and beyond! 🇦🇷✨ And let’s not forget the local flair! From delicious Argentine cuisine (empanadas, anyone? 🥟) to the vibrant street art that colors the city, we’re blending tech with culture in a way only Buenos Aires can. To our sponsors—thank you for believing in this vision and helping us make it happen. Your support is turning this event into a groundbreaking moment for the Web3 community in LATAM. We can’t wait to see what we’ll achieve together! So, let’s give a big round of applause to these amazing partners and look forward to meeting up in Buenos Aires, where the future of blockchain is being written, one tango step at a time! 🎵 Get your tickets for 50% off using our code OWL50.

The inception of blockchain technology, heralded by Satoshi Nakamoto's whitepaper on Bitcoin, ignited a revolution whose full magnitude is only now coming to light. Yet, the true marvel doesn't lie solely in the foundational concept outlined in 2008; it resides in the ongoing evolution, fueled by brilliant minds since. Today, we stand on a new frontier: customization. Picture a world where launching a tailored blockchain, precisely attuned to your requirements, is not just a possibility but a reality. Custom blockchains represent an evolution from the original Satoshi blueprint; they embody vibrant ecosystems full of innovation. This newfound flexibility empowers users to design blockchains endowed with specific features and functionalities. The result? New applications and diverse use cases.  Consider the foray of Sports Illustrated into blockchain technology, where sports fans securely purchase and trade verified tickets to their favorite events, all facilitated by a custom blockchain engineered for authenticity and transparency. This reality, where tickets unlock immersive experiences and collectibles, is not a distant dream but a tangible outcome crafted by forward-thinking enterprises. Similarly, Lemonade's* disruption in the insurance industry depicts the transformative potential of custom blockchains. Through their tailored solution, they've revolutionized weather insurance for small farmers, providing a seamless and transparent shield against unpredictable climate events. This paradigm shift underscores blockchain's role as a tangible force for positive change, far beyond mere rhetoric. The collaboration between Deloitte and FEMA** on disaster recovery reimbursement offers yet another glimpse into the power of custom blockchains. By leveraging blockchain technology, they've streamlined the reimbursement process, ensuring timely and transparent aid to those affected by disasters while simplifying audits. It's a compelling illustration of blockchain's capacity to enhance efficiency and accountability in critical domains. When it comes to loyalty programs and gaming, SK Global’s custom blockchain platform is at the vanguard of innovation. Their solution enables millions of South Korean telecom customers to use loyalty points across thousands of merchants, from real-world items to digital goods, with confidence in the authenticity and scarcity of their digital assets. This convergence of ecosystems and commerce, powered by blockchain technology, illuminates a path towards a more secure and transparent future for consumers and merchants alike. Even traditional financial institutions are embarking on the era of custom blockchains, with giants like Citi and JPM exploring the potential to trade traditional financial assets on custom platforms. This transition promises enhanced efficiency, transparency, and security in the financial landscape, marking a significant stride towards mainstream blockchain adoption. Whether revolutionizing real estate transactions, enhancing supply chain visibility, or reimagining loyalty programs, the space for innovation is extensive. What if we could tailor our digital ecosystems to align with our needs and aspirations? While some headlines may dwell on the volatility of cryptocurrencies, the true narrative lies in the transformative power of blockchain technology. We’re all about more hoot and less hype and recognize the capabilities of custom blockchains as canvases where creativity flourishes and ideas find their specific homes. It's time for Washington, and the world at large, to recognize custom blockchains as catalysts for innovation, efficiency, and inclusion across industries.  *Lemonade's use case: *Lemonade's use case: **Deloitte and FEMA: **Deloitte and FEMA:

In the realm of blockchain, transparency is key, which is why The Proposed U.S. Disclosure Guidelines for a Particular Category of Tokens—revealed at the Sidley-Rutgers Fintech and Blockchain Symposium—signify a crucial step towards standardization in the blockchain industry. All feedback is welcome! Many trade associations are collaborating so you can provide feedback through them. Check out the full guidelines here.

As seen in The International Journal of Blockchain Law (2024) by the GBBC.

In February 2024, the U.S. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) hosted its Symposium on the Tokenization of Real-World Assets and Liabilities. The OCC is one of three prudential banking regulators in the United States, overseeing national banks and federal savings associations. Its role in ensuring the safety, soundness, and fairness of the banking system means it is imperative for the regulator to assess how the entities it supervises are planning to leverage distributed ledger technology (DLT) to provide new and enhance existing products and services. The tokenization of real-world assets and liabilities, such as commercial deposits, real estate, commodities, or art, involves converting the ownership rights of these assets and expressing them as digital tokens that can be traced on DLT. This process has the potential to revolutionize the way assets are bought, sold, and managed, offering increased liquidity, transparency, and accessibility. However, it also presents new regulatory queries, particularly in terms of ensuring compliance with existing financial regulations, safeguarding against money laundering and fraud, and protecting investor rights. As tokenization of real-world assets and liabilities becomes further integrated in the financial system, the OCC's role and regulations will likely influence how other regulatory bodies, both domestically and internationally, approach tokenized assets’ oversight. Importantly, and excitingly, many of the themes discussed during the event fall under the five branches of the Tree of Web3 Wisdom.  The Tokenization Symposium began with remarks from Acting Comptroller Michael Hsu, where he defined tokenization as “process of digitally representing an asset’s liability, ownership, or both, on a programmable platform,” and called on event attendees to understand the technology. He set as the “north star” for the event, identifying problems and proposing solutions accordingly, as opposed to developing solutions in search of a problem.  Panel 1: Legal Foundations for Digital Asset Tokens consisted of members of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) drafting committee and others who were supportive of the UCC, a comprehensive set of laws governing commercial transactions in the United States, including sales, leases, negotiable instruments, and secured transactions. The panel argued that amending the UCC to include digital assets benefits token holders because it provides statutory protection compared to enforcing rights through suing over contract rights, and this is particularly important in situations such as bankruptcy, where there is a legal process for asserting claims to recover funds. The panel discussed how the United States has the most advanced body of rules for commercial law, given efforts to amend the UCC to recognize use of DLT, as opposed to other jurisdictions where the common law is still developing. During the discussion, the panelists discussed how it is important to take into consideration the sensible classification of tokens, comparing the concept of tokenization to using paper as a medium for recording rights and liabilities.   Panel 2: Academic Papers on Tokenization explored three academic papers: 1) how the acceptance and usage of digital payments leads to increased financial inclusion; 2) the use of payment stablecoins for real-time gross settlement; and 3) a study on the economics of NFTs. The panelists in their presentations discussed thinking globally with respect to how tokenization is occurring across the world and how it can facilitate cross-border payments and support financial inclusion objectives.   Panel 3: Regulator Panel featured staff of the innovation offices from the OCC, Federal Reserve (the Fed), Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Each office discussed how they are seeing tokenization of real-world assets and how they interact with other aspects of DLT such as smart contracts. The regulators discussed opportunities for tokenization within the banking sector, such as tokenization of deposits, tokenized money market fund shares, and the benefits they can provide in areas such as correspondent banking, repo transactions, and post-trade processes. One area they flagged as an opportunity is increasing the accuracy of systems under the Bank Secrecy Act to monitor for money laundering, terrorist financing, and sanctions screening more efficiently. Interoperability is one challenge they are seeing with respect to tokenization. The panelists discussed throughout how regulation of digital assets should be context-appropriate.  Panel 4: Tokenization Use Cases featured representatives from the Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (DTCC), Mastercard, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The panelists discussed exciting use cases that tokenization and DLT are enabling such as T+1 settlement and tokenization for private markets, multi-rail payments that support complex types of payments that enable increased coordination, reduce counterparty risk, and enable greater fraud controls. The panelists also touched on how policymakers and innovators should beware of misconceptions when assessing the various use cases. Some themes that echoed from previous panels included challenges around interoperability, developing solutions based on need, and carefully developing regulations based on the use cases.   Panel 5: Risk Management and Control Considerations also explored various tokenization use cases and areas where tokenization can make a big difference, such as markets where capital is freed up and markets become more liquid. The panelists discussed the perspective regulators should use when approaching risk management and developing standards to minimize risk. They also discussed the role of intermediaries in tokenization and how industries have evolved and become more "dis-intermediated" over time. In their closing statements, the panelists called for regulators and policymakers to understand the technology and experiment more with it to better understand its implications.     The Symposium ended with a keynote speech featuring Hyun Song Shin (Economic Advisor and Head of Research at the Bank for International Settlements) regarding how tokenization can help propel innovations in the monetary system similar to money and paper ledgers. He discussed various concepts involving tokenization such as improved delivery versus payment, central bank digital currency, the “singleness of money” with respect to tokenized deposits and stablecoins, and the "tokenisation continuum" that maps out different use cases ranging from wholesale payments to land registries.  In conclusion, the OCC Symposium on the Tokenization of Real-World Assets and Liabilities underscored the need for careful consideration, collaboration, and continuous innovation. The diverse perspectives shared across legal foundations, academic research, regulatory insights, use cases, and risk management considerations have collectively woven a narrative of both promise and challenge. Moving forward, it is clear that embracing the digital evolution calls for a harmonious blend of regulatory adaptability, technological exploration, and a shared commitment to understanding the profound impact tokenization can have on the global financial ecosystem. 

Definition: The process of inspecting, identifying, clustering, modeling and visually representing data on a blockchain. Blockchain analytics can involve the use of software tools and open source information (OSINT) to analyze data on blockchain networks. These tools scrutinize transaction patterns, wallet addresses, and other data points on a blockchain to provide insights into the activities occurring on the network. Blockchain analysis is done for a variety of reasons from market analysis to investigating illicit activity. Blockchain investigations are commonly conducted to uncover illicit activities such as money laundering, fraud, and the use of cryptocurrency in criminal enterprises. Investigations leverage analytics tools to track and identify this activity on-chain. The transparent nature of the blockchain allows for investigators to follow the flow of funds on the public ledger. How it Works: Data Aggregation: collecting, compiling and summarizing information from various sources across blockchain networks Pattern Recognition: identifying and interpreting behaviors and trends within the aggregated data Forensic Analysis: systematically interpreting the aggregated data and recognized patterns to come to investigative conclusions Purposes (not an exhaustive list): AML compliance and regulatory reporting Fraud detection Security analysis Market analysis Enhance security and trust in blockchain networks Aiding law enforcement to catch 'bad actors'

Branch 5 of the Tree of Web3 Wisdom suggests that regulators from different jurisdictions embrace certain first principles when thinking about blockchain, tokenization, and cryptoassets. Market integrity is one such core area for regulation. The topic seems especially ripe in light of the many events in the last ten months that led to disarray in both traditional and cryptoasset markets. Gibraltar prophetically implemented its market integrity principle last spring. Perhaps more people should have paid attention. In April 2022, the Gibraltar Financial Services Commission (GFSC) issued the tenth of its regulatory principles for DLT Providers, laying out market integrity requirements. Principle no. 10 obliges a DLT Provider to conduct itself in a manner that "maintains or enhances the integrity of any markets in which it participates."  The concept of market integrity is not always easy to pin down so the related GFSC guidance note sets forth the operational, technical, and organizational standards that DLT Providers are expected to meet and provides examples of good practices for implementing and complying with the market integrity regulatory principle. The Guidance Note states: "Market integrity is essential to the fair, orderly and efficient functioning of a given market as well as of the overall marketplace more generally. It encompasses a number of key responsibilities, such as monitoring for manipulative trading and other forms of market abuse, and fostering non-discriminatory market access, transparency in price formation, fair trading practices, high disclosure standards and robust consumer protection." The GFSC guidance highlights four categories of issues as important to market integrity: market manipulation, insider trading, disclosures, and trading standards. In each case, the Guidance Note gives examples and recommendations for best practices associated with them. For example, DLT providers should make disclosures regarding the markets in which they operate, the assets they trade, and other activities they conduct in those markets, to create and maintain an appropriate level of transparency. For trading standards, they should provide accurate and prompt market data to all stakeholders, such as information about bids, offers and last prices, and any other data relevant to achieving fairness and transparency; put measures in place to prevent preferential treatment for any subset of participants when placing or executing orders; and evaluate the execution quality of trades that take place within the markets that it operates and comparing it to industry best practice. For market manipulation and insider trading, DLT Providers should implement policies and procedures to root out and prevent such activities. At the same time, the GFSC acknowledges the need for some flexibility, stating that each DLT Provider’s responsibilities will depend on the nature of its business and its role and participation in a given market and in the virtual asset marketplace overall. It also acknowledges that flexibility is needed to address the different features and functions of virtual assets and the manner in which they trade. This Owl applauds the GFSC’s approach: to create a clear principle with clear guidance on how to implement it without being too prescriptive. This flexibility works because it can accommodate the variety of roles and operational features of market participants relevant to a DLT Provider’s business.  This is music to this Owl’s ears and chimes perfectly with our Tree of Wisdom – specifically branch 3 (classify tokens sensibly) and branch 4 (enact context appropriate regulation).  The 5th branch of our Tree of Wisdom is "think global." Our hope is that Gibraltar’s approach can serve as a template for authorities in other jurisdictions. Global market integrity must be a first principle for long term growth and maturation of the cryptoassets ecosystem, as well as in more traditional markets. We encourage a constructive interchange between industry and regulators to inform the development and implementation of market integrity rules. Just like Gibraltar did.

Decentralization is an important concept in computer science that has gained significant attention in recent years. It is defined as a system or network with no single point of failure or "central orchestrator" that is required for proper operation. Decentralized systems require independent peers to collaborate to achieve some greater goal with aligned incentives. Most decentralized systems have no single entity or authority with the power or obligation to change or update data or transactions. For a blockchain network, the key point is that a distributed network of computers not centrally controlled must reach consensus about changes to “state + future transitions of state” (adding new blocks of transactions). One of the primary virtues of decentralization lies in its ability to enhance fault tolerance and system resilience. In centralized systems, a single source of truth or point of failure can lead to negative consequences, such as when a hack or ‘fat finger error” occurs. Decentralized systems, on the other hand, distribute functions across multiple nodes, making them more capable of withstanding failures or attacks and not prone to errors. In the case of blockchains, they are robust because work is duplicated by everyone (taking away one or a group of nodes does not impact its continued functioning).  Furthermore, decentralization is a powerful tool against censorship and tyrannical control. In centralized systems, a single entity can wield disproportionate power to control or manipulate data or information flows. Decentralized systems distribute power among participants, making it much harder for any single entity to exert undue influence, control data, or censor (or alter) information.  When it comes to fault tolerance, centralized systems often rely on trusted third parties, which can be vulnerable to errors, security breaches or malicious activities. In decentralized systems, as illustrated in blockchain, we trust incentives to keep validators honest and the correctness of the software. The computer code is implemented and managed by a distributed network that reaches consensus. By eliminating the need for intermediaries, they reduce the potential for bad behavior and foster a more secure environment. As such, these distributed systems have the potential to scale more effectively than their centralized counterparts.  Decentralization also fosters a fertile ground for innovation and competition. It lowers barriers to entry, allowing a wider range of participants to contribute to the network and its associated ecosystem. This healthy competition can lead to the development of more diverse and specialized solutions, driving overall progress for the network and the applications built on it.  Contrary to some misconceptions, decentralization is not about evading laws or regulations. It is a network design element that seeks to ensure better information, greater user control and autonomy, and more access for builders. Dr. Emin Gün Sirer, founder of Ava Labs, put it this way in his testimony before the House Financial Services Committee: Let me be clear: this ability to leverage distributed or decentralized networks is a desirable goal for many reasons that have nothing to do with securities laws, financial services regulation, or the laws and rules governing other areas of commerce, recreation, and communications. Distributed networks are more resilient, secure, auditable, and available for builders. Blockchain builders did not set out to develop the technology to evade laws and rules. We set out to solve computer science problems. Decentralization is not about laws and regulations, but about unlocking the true potential of computer systems and associated technology. The internet itself is an example of a decentralized system: By distributing power, trust, and functions across a network of servers, it takes advantage of numerous benefits in terms of fault tolerance, censorship resistance, and scalability. Embracing decentralization in computer science is a strategic move towards building a more secure and inclusive Internet. Sensible, workable regulation in conjunction with innovation will help guide the transformative power of decentralization and blockchain to empower individuals and drive economic inclusion. The Tree of Web3 Wisdom is a set of principles to help guide blockchain regulation worldwide and harness the power of decentralized systems.

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